DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

FUNCTIONS

[photo, Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland] Since agriculture is vital to Maryland's economy, the Department of Agriculture works to help farmers produce and sell high-quality commodities. To this end, the Department eradicates disease in livestock and poultry; controls insect pests and weeds, which threaten field crops; inspects seeds and fertilizers to ensure maximum yields; and disseminates market reports and statistics to help farmers plan farm production. The Department also protects the environment by regulating the use of pesticides, implementing sound soil conservation methods, and preserving valuable agricultural land.

Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland, June 2004. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

To protect consumers, the Department inspects and grades agricultural commodities, oversees the practice of veterinary medicine, and inspects the weighing and packaging of a wide range of products. In addition, the Department promotes Maryland agriculture, and seeks out new markets.

OFFICE OF SECRETARY

[photo, Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland] Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 - 8960

The chief executive officer of the Department is the Secretary of Agriculture who is appointed by the Governor with Senate advice and consent. Responsible for daily operations, the Deputy Secretary is appointed by the Secretary with the Governor's approval. The Secretary of Agriculture also appoints the State Chemist, the State Veterinarian, and the Chief of Weights and Measures.

Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland, June 2004. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

The Secretary of Agriculture serves on the Governor's Executive Council; the Governor's Council on the Chesapeake Bay (Governor's Chesapeake Bay Cabinet); the Governor's Subcabinet for International Affairs; and the Smart Growth Subcabinet, and chairs the Governor's Intergovernmental Commission for Agriculture; the Animal Waste Technology Fund Advisory Committee; the Phosphorus Management Tool Transition Advisory Committee; and the Renewable Fuels Incentive Board. The Secretary also serves on the Board of Directors, Maryland Agricultural and Resource-Based Industry Development Corporation; the Maryland Agricultural Education and Rural Development Assistance Board; the Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation; the Bay Restoration Fund Advisory Committee; the Commission on Climate Change; the Critical Area Commission for the Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays; the Chesapeake Bay Trust; the State Children's Environmental Health and Protection Advisory Council; the Maryland Food Center Authority; the Interagency Food Desert Advisory Committee; the Work Group on Health in All Policies; the Maryland Horse Industry Board; the Invasive Plants Advisory Committee; the Council on Open Data; the Pesticide Advisory Committee; the Rural Legacy Board; the Rural Maryland Council; the Scenic and Wild Rivers Review Board; the Seafood Marketing Advisory Commission; the Interdepartmental Advisory Committee on Small, Minority, and Women Business Affairs; the State Soil Conservation Committee; the Spay/Neuter Advisory Board; the Maryland Sustainable Growth Commission; and the Board of Regents, University System of Maryland.

Within the Office of Secretary are the principal counsel and offices for communications, emergency preparedness and response, and intergovernmental relations (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 2-101 through 2-108). Several advisory boards assist the Office of Secretary, including the Maryland Agricultural Commission; the Animal Waste Technology Fund Advisory Committee; the Invasive Plants Advisory Committee; the Renewable Fuels Incentive Board; the Spay/Neuter Advisory Board; the Maryland Water Quality Trading Advisory Committee; and the Young Farmers Advisory Board.

OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 - 8960

In 1979, the Office of Administrative Services began as the Business Office, and reformed under its present name by 1980.

The Office oversees central services, fiscal services, personnel services, records management, and the Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation.

MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL LAND PRESERVATION FOUNDATION

Started in 1977, the Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation implements the Agricultural Land Preservation Program (Chapter 784, Acts of 1977).

The Agricultural Land Preservation Program was established to preserve productive agricultural land and woodland in Maryland. The Program protects agricultural land and woodland as open space, provides for the continued production of food and fiber, and curbs the extent of urban sprawl. The Program depends on the cooperation of county governments, which appoint local agricultural preservation advisory boards to advise them on agricultural districts and easements. Participation in the Program is voluntary on the part of landowners.

Agricultural Easements. By agreement with the Foundation, landowners may donate or sell easements that create an agricultural preservation district in which subdivision and development are restricted forever. The creation of such a district protects normal agricultural activities and enables landowners to make application to sell a development rights easement. Based upon the availability of funds allocated by the State and counties, the Foundation may acquire easements according to a competitive formula (defined by law) and subject to local recommendation and appraisal. Easements thus acquired are perpetual, although those approved by the Board of Public Works before Sept. 30, 2004 may be terminated after twenty-five years if it is determined that profitable farming of any kind is no longer feasible on the property. By gift, devise, bequest, or grant, the Foundation also may receive easements in gross or other rights to restrict the use of agricultural land and woodland.

State funding for the Program comes from a share of revenues collected from the Real Estate Transfer Tax and the Agricultural Transfer Tax.

With federal programs, such as the Forest Legacy Program, and the Transportation Enhancement Program; other State programs, such as Program Open Space, Rural Legacy, and GreenPrint; and local land preservation programs, Maryland has preserved 558,914 acres as of June 30, 2011. On its own, the Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation has acquired over 2,218 permanent agricultural easements on 300,916 acres as of June 30, 2016.

OFFICE OF MARKETING, ANIMAL INDUSTRIES, & CONSUMER SERVICES

[photo, Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. and Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland] Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 - 8960

In 1973, the Office of Marketing, Animal Industries, and Consumer Services originated as the Division of Animal Industries within the Department of Agriculture. By 1978, the Division was renamed the Office of Animal Health and, by 1980, the Office of Animal Health and Consumer Services. It reorganized as the Office of Food Safety and Consumer Services in 1992 and received its present name in March 1997.

Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. & Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland, August 2012. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

[photo, Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. and Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland] Five sections are directed by the Office: Animal Health; Food Quality Assurance; Marketing and Agribusiness Development; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service, Maryland Field Office; and Weights and Measures. The Office is assisted by the Maryland Agricultural Fair Board; the Maryland Horse Industry Board; the Maryland Organic Certification Advisory Committee; the Seafood Marketing Advisory Commission; and the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners.


Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. & Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland, August 2013. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

[photo, Horse farm, Davidsonville, Maryland] MARYLAND HORSE INDUSTRY BOARD
The Maryland Horse Industry Board began as the State Board of Inspection of Horse Riding Stables in 1968 (Chapter 474, Acts of 1968). It was made part of the Department of Licensing and Regulation in 1970 (Chapter 402, Acts of 1970). The Board transferred to the Department of Agriculture in 1980 (Chapter 618, Acts of 1980), and assumed its present name in October 1998 (Chapter 416, Acts of 1998).


Horse farm, Davidsonville, Maryland, August 2004. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EXAMINERS
The State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners dates to 1894 (Chapter 273, Acts of 1894). It was made part of the Department of Agriculture in 1972 (Chapter 342, Acts of 1972).

The Board examines candidates for licenses to practice veterinary medicine in the State and judges their qualifications. Annually, it registers veterinarians and at least every two years inspects veterinary hospitals (Chapter 58, Acts of 2008). Upon complaints of illegal or unethical practices or sanitary violations, the Board may conduct hearings and pass judgment upon the charges. Court proceedings may be instituted by the Board against persons engaged in illegal practices.

Seven members constitute the Board. They are appointed to five-year terms by the Governor upon recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture and with Senate advice and consent. Authorization for the Board continues until July 1, 2021 (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 2-301 through 2-313).

ANIMAL HEALTH SECTION

[photo, Goats, Maryland State Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, Maryland] Duties of the Animal Health Section began in 1884 when the position of veterinary inspector was created to suppress disease in livestock and prevent epidemics (Chapter 157, Acts of 1884).

Today, the Section safeguards the health of horses, food-producing livestock, and poultry, and works to control and eradicate diseases that economically affect producers or pose a threat to humans (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 3-101 through 3-503).

Goats, Maryland State Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, Maryland, September 2016. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

New diseases which could be transported into Maryland from another state or country are monitored by the Section. To provide diagnostic services and assist veterinarians and farmers, the Section also runs two animal health diagnostic laboratories: one in Frederick and one in Salisbury. When necessary, testing and investigations are conducted on farms.

FOOD QUALITY ASSURANCE

[photo, Grain silos, Wye Mills, Maryland] Origins of Food Quality Assurance trace to the Field Inspection Service that functioned when the Department of Agriculture was created in 1972. The Service was one part of the Division of Inspection and Regulation by 1975. It was replaced by 1981 with the Grading Services and Egg Inspection Section of the Office of Animal Health and Consumer Services. In 1992, the Section merged with the Grain Laws Section to form Egg Inspection, Grading, and Grain. It was renamed in 1997 as Grading Services, Egg Inspection, and Grain Laws. With the addition of the Organic Certification Program, it assumed its present name in December 2004.

Grain silos, Wye Mills, Maryland, September 2007. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

Working with farmers who grow produce, Food Quality Assurance provides training under the Maryland Produce Safety Program to ensure that such farmers are in compliance with the federal Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011.

Food Quality Assurance oversees four separate programs of inspection, certification, and licensing: Egg Inspection, Grading Services, Grain Dealers Laws, and Organic Certification.

[photo, Eggs & newly-hatched chicks, Cow Palace, Maryland State Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, Maryland] Egg Inspection Program. This program enforces the Maryland Egg Law. Inspections performed at the processor, wholesale, food service and retail levels ensure that eggs sold in Maryland comply with standards for quality, size, wholesomeness, labeling and record-keeping. Annually, wholesalers and packers of shell eggs must register with the Program.

Enforcement of the Salmonella enteritidis regulations jointly adopted by the Department of Agriculture and the Maryland Department of Health is coordinated by the Program. Through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Federal Egg Law controlling the movement of inedible and restricted eggs also is enforced by the Program. Restricted eggs are those not suitable for consumption due to cracks, blood spots, leaks, or other problems (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 4-301 through 4-312).

Eggs & newly-hatched chicks, Cow Palace, Maryland State Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, Maryland, September 2016. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

Grading Services Program. A voluntary program, Grading Services certifies producers and processors of numerous agricultural commodities, including poultry, meat, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and grain. Samples of agricultural commodities are evaluated for conformity with U.S. Department of Agriculture standards for quality, size, labeling, packaging, and production practices. Graders supervise the official identification of commodities meeting the established criteria (Code Agricultural Article, secs. 10-501 through 10-909).
[photo, Thresher, south of Hughesville, Maryland]

Grain Dealers Laws Program. The Program licenses grain dealers, as defined by law. The practice dates at least to 1888 when licenses were granted to Baltimore grain brokers (Chapter 416, Acts of 1888). Now, grain dealers annually must meet financial and insurance requirements.

Each year, Food Quality Assurance publishes the Directory of Grain Dealers.


Thresher, south of Hughesville (Charles County), Maryland, November 2017. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

Organic Certification Program. In July 1990, the Department of Agriculture was authorized to certify Maryland growers and handlers through the Organic Certification Program (Chapter 190, Acts of 1990; Code Agriculture Article, secs. 10-1401 through 10-1403). In 2002, Maryland's Program was accredited to certify that products were grown according to organic standards of the federal Organic Foods Production Act, 7 (U.S.C. sec. 6501 et seq.). As part of the certification process, the Department inspects producers and processors to see that they conform to organic standards.

MARKETING & AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

[photo, Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. and Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland] Marketing and Agribusiness Development began as the Division of Marketing when the Department of Agriculture formed in 1972. By 1983, the Division was renamed the Division of Agricultural Development and Marketing and, by 1985, the Office of Agricultural Development and Resource Conservation. In 1987, it became the Office of Marketing and Agricultural Development. It reorganized as Marketing in 1992, reverted to Marketing and Agricultural Development in 1995, and received its current name in July 2006.


Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. & Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland, August 2013. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

[photo, Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. and Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland] Programs under Marketing and Agribusiness Development include projects to improve quality and enhance presentation of agricultural commodities to the consumer; international marketing; and a consumer marketing information program (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 10-101 through 10-204).

Annually, this office publishes the Maryland Farmers' Market Directory. For Maryland farmers, it also issues a calendar and a quarterly crop insurance newsletter. For consumers, it maintains the on-line Maryland's Best, a guide to Maryland's local products, including fruits and vegetables, seafood, and wine.



Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. & Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland, August 2012. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

[photo, Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. and Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland]

With the State Department of Education, Maryland's farm products are promoted for use in school lunch programs through the Jane Lawton Farm-to-School Program (Chapters 371 & 372, Acts of 2008; Code Agriculture Article, sec. 10-1601). Honoring former Delegate Jane E. Lawton, the Program educates students about where their food comes from, how it is produced, and the benefits of a healthy diet. It also serves to increase sales by local farmers for healthier school lunches and higher farm income.

Under Marketing and Agribusiness Development are Agricultural Mediation; International Marketing; National Marketing; and the Seafood and Aquaculture Products Marketing Program.


Baltimore Farmers' Market, Holliday St. & Saratoga St., Baltimore, Maryland, August 2012. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

[photo, Tractor pull event, Cecil County Fair, Fair Hill, Maryland] INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
International Marketing opens up world markets to Maryland farmers through technical export assistance. It identifies and evaluates export opportunities, and organizes trade missions abroad to showcase Maryland products.

NATIONAL MARKETING
Formerly Domestic Marketing, National Marketing adopted its present name in 2005.

Tractor pull event, Cecil County Fair, Fair Hill, Maryland, July 2000. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

SEAFOOD & AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS MARKETING PROGRAM
The Seafood and Aquaculture Products Marketing Program originally formed in the Department of Agriculture as the Seafood Marketing and Aquaculture Development Program. It transferred to the Department of Natural Resources in July 2011 (Chapter 411, Acts of 2011). As the Seafood and Aquaculture Products Marketing Program, it moved back to the Department of Agriculture in July 2017 (Chapter 101, Acts of 2017).

U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE, MARYLAND FIELD OFFICE

[photo, Display, Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland] The U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service, Maryland Field Office originated as the Statistical Reporting Service in the mid-19th century and became the Agricultural Statistics Service in 1986. In August 2005, it adopted its current name in accordance with nationwide practice.



Display, Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland, May 2013. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

[photo, Pink Lady apples, Thurmont, Maryland] The Maryland Field Office collects, summarizes, and publishes data relating to the production and marketing of agricultural products, agriculture prices and income, and agriculture and agribusiness. State statistics generally are available for acreage, yield, and production of major field crops, vegetables, fruits, livestock, and poultry; and monthly and seasonal or annual average prices, farm expenditures, and labor. For some commodities the Office also compiles county statistics.

Publications issued by the Office include: Maryland Agricultural Statistics (annually); Maryland & Delaware Agri-Facts (monthly); Weekly Crop Progress & Condition Report (April-November); Weekly Delmarva Broiler Report; and the Maryland Grain & Livestock Report (every Friday).


Pink Lady apples, Thurmont, Maryland, October 2014. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

WEIGHTS & MEASURES SECTION

In 1641, the first Maryland law to regulate measures was enacted (Chapter 2, Acts of 1641). At that time, the county sheriff was entrusted with the responsibility. When the Department of Agriculture formed in 1972, the Office of Weights and Measures began its work under the Division of Inspection and Regulation. By 1975, the Office reformed as the Weights and Measures Section.

Maryland's primary standards, as well as secondary standards and equipment, for the enforcement of the State Weights and Measures Law are maintained and safeguarded by the Section. The Section's Metrology Laboratory provides a wide variety of highly sophisticated measurements and calibrations in mass, volume, length, and thermometry.

The Section supervises the use and production of weighing and measuring devices, weights and measures, and packaged commodities offered for sale, sold, or in use in the State. This supervision extends to the methodology used to obtain accurate measurement and provides a means for value comparisons for consumers.

State laws for ensuring accuracy, equity, and the prevention of fraud in the sale and measurement of quantities, commodities, goods, or services are administered and enforced by the Section. In addition, the Section also licenses and tests personnel who determine butterfat content for dairies and milk cooperatives and personnel who calibrate farm milk tanks (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 11-101 through 11-509).

OFFICE OF PLANT INDUSTRIES & PEST MANAGEMENT

Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 - 8960

The Office of Plant Industries and Pest Management originated in 1972 as the Division of Plant Industries. It became the Division of Plant Industries and Pest Management in 1980, and the Office of Plant Industries and Pest Management in 1984. The Office reorganized in 1987 as the Office of Plant Industries and Resource Conservation and, in 1990, resumed its earlier name.

Programs concerned with plants, plant pests, pest management, and pesticides are supervised by the Office, which also coordinates these programs with local, State and federal officials. In addition, the Office manages cooperative agreements with local, county, State and federal agencies. Since July 2018, the Office also has overseen the Industrial Hemp Pilot Program (Chapter 476, Acts of 2018).

Further, the Office manages mosquito control services, noxious weed control, and nuisance bird control. It inspects nurseries, conducts honeybee registration programs, and oversees labeling of seed and sod. The chemical components of pesticides, compost, commercial fertilizers, feeds, pet foods, liming materials, and soil conditioners are tested and regulated by the Office.

Under the Office are six sections: Forest Pest Management; Mosquito Control; Pesticide Regulation; Plant Protection and Weed Management; State Chemist; and Turf and Seed. The Office also is aided by the Pesticide Advisory Committee.

FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT SECTION

By 1975, the Forest Pest Management Section began as the Forest Pest Management Program and the Gypsy Moth Control Program within the Pest Management Section of the Division of Plant Industries. In 1987, Forest Pest Management and Gypsy Moth Control merged to form the present Section.

The Section protects forests and landscape trees by eradicating or controlling certain insect (particularly gypsy moth) infestations and disease. The Section also monitors forest health.

Cooperative Gypsy Moth Suppression Program. The gypsy moth is the most destructive forest pest of the eastern United States. It harms trees in wooded residential areas, parks, and recreation areas. Consequently, the moth is the subject of a State and a national quarantine program. This pest has been present in Maryland since 1971. Despite an active suppression program, the gypsy moth continues threatening unprotected trees in certain areas. The Cooperative Gypsy Moth Suppression Program works to manage the gypsy moth. Coordinated by the Forest Pest Management Section, the Program is a joint effort by local and State agencies and the U.S. Forest Service. Branch offices of the Forest Pest Management Section are located in Cumberland, Denton, Forest Hill, and Frederick.

MOSQUITO CONTROL SECTION

Functions of the Mosquito Control Section date back to 1961 when a program of mosquito control first was administered by the State Board of Agriculture. Today, the Section provides statewide mosquito control services through a cooperatively funded program, and also works to eradicate black flies and midges.

Environmentally compatible methods of pest management are used to control mosquitoes. In addition to implementing control measures, the Section monitors the environmental impact of the program, develops new control methods, and conducts epidemiological investigations of mosquito-borne diseases (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 5-401 through 5-405). Branch offices are located in Riverdale, Salisbury, and Hollywood, Maryland.

PESTICIDE REGULATION SECTION

Administration of the Pesticide Applicators Law started in 1973 under the Division of Entomology. By 1975, the work continued under the Pest Management Section. A separate Pesticide Applicators Law Section formed in 1980 and became the Pesticide Regulation Section in 1987.

The Section regulates the sale, use, storage, and disposal of pesticides in Maryland. It licenses businesses engaged in commercial application of pesticides; trains and certifies commercial and private pesticide applicators; and enforces the Pesticide Applicators Law and Regulations. Further, the Section provides technical advice on the use of pesticides, and enforces federal laws and regulations governing pesticide use.

Since 1993, the Section also inspects and collects empty pesticide containers for recycling. In 2013, about eighteen tons of these containers were collected.

The Chief is the State's authority on matters relating to pesticide use and application (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 5-201 through 5-211).

PLANT PROTECTION & WEED MANAGEMENT SECTION

Programs for plant protection and weed control were part of the Division of Plant Industries when the Department of Agriculture began in 1972. In June 1997, the Plant Protection and Weed Management Section formed when the Plant Protection Section merged with the Weed Control Section.

The Plant Protection and Weed Management Section administers programs for nursery inspection, plant protection and quarantine, integrated pest management, and noxious weed control.

Plant Protection. The Section oversees programs for certified plant production, and inspection and registration of honey bee colonies. The Section serves as the State authority on plant pests and agricultural quarantines. With other State and federal regulatory agencies, it also serves as liaison for the Department (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 5-301 through 5-314, 5-501 through 5-507, 5-701 through 5-716, 5-801 through 5-805, 9-301 through 9-307, 9-601 through 9-606).

Weed Management. The Maryland Noxious Weed Law is administered by the Section. This law requires landowners or those who possess and manage land infested with Johnsongrass, shattercane, or thistles to eradicate or control these noxious weeds by practices prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. The noxious weed control program helps individuals manage noxious weeds through their own efforts and through a cooperative agreement between the State and participating counties. The Department encourages individuals to file a Noxious Weed Control Agreement, outlining methods and procedures for controlling noxious weeds on their land. Regulatory action may be taken against those who fail to manage noxious weeds. The Section also investigates complaints of multiflora rose-infestations on or near land used for agricultural production.

The Secretary of Agriculture has authority to declare other weeds noxious and place them under a control program. The Section Chief serves as the State's authority on weed control matters (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 9-401 through 9-405, 9-701 through 9-705).

STATE CHEMIST SECTION

The office of State Agricultural Chemist was created in 1847 to help farmers rejuvenate worn-out tobacco land (Chapter 249, Acts of 1847). The Chemist analyzed soil throughout the State, as well as marl and other mineral or vegetable deposits applied as fertilizers, and lectured and publicized his findings. During the guano boom of the 1840s and 1850s, a Guano Inspector also analyzed all guano imported through Baltimore, typically from South America, to ensure that farmers got that for which they paid. Modern equivalents of such duties are carried out by the State Chemist Section.

Within the Department of Agriculture, the State Chemist Section began under the Office of Animal Health and Consumer Services, and moved in 1987 to the Office of Plant Industries and Resource Conservation (now Plant Industries &d Pest Management).

The Section samples and chemically tests and analyzes commercial fertilizers, feeds, pesticides, soil conditioners, composts, and liming materials sold in the State. Moreover, the Section registers and examines the labels of these products as well. It determines if products conform to standards established under Maryland laws governing quality, contents, and labeling. These measures protect the consumer and the dealer from unscrupulous or careless manufacturers.

To implement the federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Section works with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additionally, Section chemists analyze meat and toxicology samples for the Office of Marketing, Animal Industries, and Consumer Services; test fruits, vegetables, commercial feeds, and soils for chemical residues; and make other determinations as required by the Department (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 5-101 through 5-114, 6-101 through 6-117, 6-201 through 6-221, 6-301 through 6-311).

TURF & SEED SECTION

As early as 1888, the General Assembly enacted legislation to protect farmers from unscrupulous seed salesmen making fraudulent claims. By 1912, the Seed Inspection Service formed to enforce the Maryland Seed Law. The Service reorganized in 1972 as the Turf and Seed Section within the Department of Agriculture.

Today, the Section works to assure the availability of sufficient quantities of certified turf and seed. It directs and conducts certification programs by which turf and seed are produced to meet standards of purity, variety, germination, and other quality factors. From the evidence of field inspections or laboratory analysis, the Section rejects seed or sod not meeting certification standards.

To help consumers determine what to purchase, the Section also regulates the labeling of seed and sod at the time of marketing. A State testing laboratory is operated for both service and regulatory testing to assure compliance with label claims. The regulatory phase involves inspection, testing, reporting results, and corrective actions for each turf and seed lot found not to comply with provisions of the Turf Grass Law or the Seed Law (Code Agriculture Article, secs. 9-101 through 9-110, 9-201 through 9-214).

OFFICE OF RESOURCE CONSERVATION

[photo, Interior, Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland] Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 - 8960

The Office of Resource Conservation began in 1985 as the Office of Agricultural Development and Resource Conservation within the Department of Agriculture. Restructured as the Office of Plant Industries and Resource Conservation in 1987, it received its current name in 1989.

Through agricultural soil conservation and water quality programs, the Office works to control soil erosion and agricultural nonpoint-source water pollution. The Office coordinates its efforts with other Department programs and with county, State and federal agencies. This includes managing interagency cooperative agreements. For Chesapeake Bay Agricultural Programs, the Office serves as agency liaison and facilitates State and local agricultural involvement in tributary strategies.

Interior, Wayne A. Cawley, Jr. Building, 50 Harry S Truman Parkway, Annapolis, Maryland, February 2009. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

To the State's twenty-four soil conservation districts, the Office provides financial and technical support. Moreover, since October 2017, the Office also has overseen the Maryland Healthy Soils Program, working to improve the health, yield, and profitability of State soils. The Program works to increase biological activity and carbon sequestration, and promotes healthy soils practices to Maryland farmers (Chapter 373, Acts of 2017; Code Agriculture Article, sec. 2-1901).

Five sections carry out the work of the Office: Nutrient Management; Program Planning and Development; Resource Conservation Grants; Resource Conservation Operations; and the Watershed Implementation Program. The Office also is aided by the Maryland Agricultural Certainty Oversight Committee, and the Phosphorus Management Tool Transition Advisory Committee.

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Under the Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Management formerly was part of Program Planning and Development. In July 2000, it became a separate unit under the Office of Resource Conservation.

Nutrient management concerns soil fertilization and determining the amount, placement, timing, and application of animal waste, commercial fertilizer, sludge, or other plant nutrients to prevent pollution and maintain productivity.

Implementation of the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1998, which mandates nutrient management on Maryland farms, is overseen by Nutrient Management (Chapter 324, Acts of 1998). To protect and improve the health of Maryland waterways, the Act established strategies for reducing nutrient levels in streams and rivers feeding the Chesapeake Bay.

Nutrient Management Plans. Maryland farmers submit nutrient management plans to the Nutrient Management Program of the Department of Agriculture. These plans specify how much fertilizer, manure, or other nutrients may safety be applied to crops, balancing increased crop yields with keeping excess nutrients out of waterways. By March 1 each year, farmers update their nutrient management plans with annual implementation reports, which summarize the previous year's nutrient application. Program staff examine and analyze the plans and annual reports, and conduct on-farm audits and inspections to ensure farmers are in compliance with nutrient management requirements.

Nutrient Management Program. The Program helps individual farmers plan nutrient management of animal waste, sludge, and commercial fertilizers. It also trains, certifies, and licenses persons who provide this service.

Not only does the Department of Agriculture engage in this work, but it is aided by the Department of the Environment, which inspects concentrated animal feeding operations that discharge waste into waterways to ensure compliance with their nutrient management plans.

Nutrient Management is assisted by the Nutrient Management Advisory Committee.

PROGRAM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

Organized in 1989, Program Planning and Development supports the State Soil Conservation Committee and the Office of Resource Conservation by planning, developing, and coordinating policy, programs, and public information. Soil and water conservation is coordinated with soil conservation districts, and agencies and organizations with related programs.

Agricultural Water Management Program. Program Planning and Development helps public drainage associations maintain agricultural drainage through cost-share maintenance and interagency review of plans for construction, reconstruction, operation, and maintenance.

RESOURCE CONSERVATION GRANTS

Resource Conservation Grants started in 1989 as the Conservation Grants Section of the Department of Agriculture. In 1992, the Section was renamed Resource Protection Incentives, and in 1994 received its present name.

Resource Conservation Grants administers the Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program.

Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program. Established in 1983, the Program provides grants to farmers to protect their farm's natural resources, adopt sustainable agricultural practices, and comply with governmental regulation. To control pollution and improve water quality, the Program helps farmers pay the costs of best land and water management practices. These practices include the construction of animal waste storage facilities, grassed waterways, sediment basins, and spring developments.

To accelerate Maryland's efforts to reduce nutrients entering the Chesapeake Bay, farmers receive cost-share grants to plant cover crops in the fall. Cover crops, such as rye, wheat, and barley, prevent soil erosion, recycle plant nutrients left over from the summer crop, and reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus running into the Bay over the winter. Farmers also may receive cost-share grants to transport poultry and livestock manure out of the Chesapeake Bay watershed; hire consultants to update their mandated nutrient management plans; and enroll in the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program, which pays farmers to take environmentally sensitive land out of crop production for 10 to 15 years.

In FY2013, the Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program awarded to farmers $26.3 million in grants to install 2,433 projects on their farms to control soil erosion, reduce nutrient runoff, and improve water quality in local waterways and Chesapeake Bay.

RESOURCE CONSERVATION OPERATIONS

Resource Conservation Operations began in 1989 as an outgrowth of the Soil Conservation Administration. It reorganized as Resource Management Services in 1992 and resumed its earlier name in 1994.

State resources that support soil and water conservation programs on agricultural land are administered by Resource Conservation Operations. This section guides and assists twenty-four soil conservation districts and gives financial, administrative and technical support for conservation programs. Resource Conservation Operations also provides technical assistance to farmers and landowners on best management practices to control soil erosion and agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

WATERSHED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM

In July 2014, the Watershed Implementation Program began under the Office of Resource Conservation.

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